Anissa S. Febrina, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta
In an effort to maintain environmental quality, a currently drafted revision of the 1992 law on spatial and urban planning will require cities nationwide to allocate a minimum of 30 percent of their land area for open green spaces.
The House of Representatives working committee for spatial planning has completed the first draft of the revision of Law No. 24/1992 and is seeking feedback from the public before continuing with the drafting process.
The inclusion of an article on green spaces was prompted by the over-development of cities, Hermanto Dardak, the Public Works Ministry's director general for spatial planning, said last week.
Jakarta itself has lowered its target of open green space coverage from 26 percent, as stated in the city's 1985-2005 master plan, to 13.94 percent in its 2010 master plan.
According to the revised law, the public green space allocation in cities like Jakarta should be at least 10 percent, with 20 percent of city land comprising private green areas such as lawns and gardens.
Currently, some 7,250 hectares (9 percent) of open green space in the city is managed by the city parks agency, the cemetery agency, the transportation agency and a number of other institutions.
The 9 percent includes private property.
Increasing the city's open green space to 30 percent would have far-reaching environmental benefits.
However, environmental groups are generally skeptical that the current rate of development city in the area will slow.
"Speaking in worst-case terms, if Jakarta was forced to meet such a target, it would be the kampong people who once again had to make way for development," M. Hasbi Azis, the head of research and policy development at environmental group Walhi Jakarta, said.
Hasbi said the city needed quality open green spaces that would absorb rainwater and improve air quality.
"What we have now is artificial green space. The green areas do not create a working environmental network," he said.
Furthermore, the existing open green spaces are rapidly being developed for commercial purposes.
The conversion rate of parks into more profitable properties in 2004 was recorded at a high 55 percent in West Jakarta and almost 25 percent in South Jakarta, the Jakarta Statistics Agency (BPS Jakarta) revealed.
Experts have said the conversion of open green spaces has increased the flood risk in the city.
National data released by the Public Works Ministry showed the private sector was responsible for 54 percent of land use violations.
Violations that were accommodated by the administrations themselves, either for the benefit of private parties or for the sake of increasing tax income.
In a bid to break the vicious circle of land use violations, the draft law stipulates stiff sanctions for perpetrators.
Unlike the old version of the law, the new one requires agencies or government institutions that approve the conversion of designated green areas to cover any financial losses that result from the violation.
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