Guess who is responsible for polluting the city's rivers?
Need a clue? You may find that your own home is full of things that create pollution. Dishwashing liquids and many personal care products, such as shampoo, contain a wide array of contaminants that are carried into local waterways when we rinse them down the drain.
It is easy to blame industries or people living on the banks of rivers.
But a study says people on higher wages tend to produce more wastewater.
According to a 1990 study on urban drainage and wastewater disposal in Jakarta, middle- and high-income households produce 38 percent and 116 percent more wastewater than low-income households respectively.
By 2010, the two household categories will have produced 65 percent and 194 percent more wastewater respectively as compared to their poorer counterparts.
Households in general contribute some 75 percent of the city's wastewater. Commercial premises contribute 15 percent and the rest comes from industries.
One could argue that industries are the biggest offenders, but research suggests otherwise as wastewater from households has a higher biological oxygen demand (BOD) level.
A high BOD level indicates the water contains a significant amount of organic pollutant.
"Rapid urbanization has worsened the pollution of waterways. Housing estates are being constructed in the suburbs without adequate wastewater treatment facilities," the study report says.
And so the polluted wastewater flows into the city's rivers.
All the while, Jakarta only has one water treatment plant in Setiabudi, South Jakarta, which can only process up to 3 percent of the city's wastewater.
The plant, which was built in the early 1990s using World Bank money, provides rudimentary treatment only.
Underlying the city is a tangled network of water and sewer pipes and utility conduits. However, as much of the sewerage system is in poor repair or has insufficient capacity -- except in some parts of Jakarta like the Sudirman-Thamrin and Kuningan business districts -- creating a pooled water treatment plant requires a significant investment.
In a recent meeting on the revision of the Jakarta Spatial Plan, urban expert Suhadi Hadiwinoto said a clustered system would best suit the city's wastewater management.
A 2005 gubernatorial decree promotes the clustered system, as well as the individual development of septic systems and drainage fields.
It is now just a matter of implementation, which also largely depends on our own awareness of the importance of water security.
If we are the ones who are polluting the water, then why shouldn't we take responsibility? (JP/Anissa S. Febrina)
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