It was the second warning from Jakarta's tap water operators that water levels at West Java's multipurpose Jatiluhur Dam were dangerously low.
PT PAM Jaya and its foreign partners PT Thames PAM Jaya and PT PAM Lyonnaise Jaya said at a press conference Tuesday the dam, which is the main provider of raw water for the companies, was drying up in the face of unseasonably high temperatures.
The water level at the dam was 83.99 meters on Tuesday, much lower than the normal 105 meters. As a result, tap water production was only 65 percent of normal.
This was the second time the companies had issued such a warning. In 2005 they expressed concern over the deteriorating quality of groundwater and the decreasing sources of water due to environmental degradation.
Everything the tap operators said is undisputable fact: the quality and quantity of groundwater in Jakarta is deteriorating.
In densely populated kampongs, residents frequently have to dig their artesian wells deeper during the dry season. And it is becoming more and more difficult to find new locations to dig wells because of the profusion of septic tanks, which frequently leak out into the groundwater.
According to several reports, groundwater samples taken in different areas of the teeming capital have been found to be heavily contaminated with dangerous metals and bacteria.
In several residential areas, residents have had to drill artesian wells near roads in a bid to find a clean water source.
Cinta Air, a non-governmental organization that educates people on water resource protection, says Indonesia now ranks third in the world for the number of people lacking access to safe drinking water.
Environmental degradation is at least partly to blame for the decreasing water level at Jatiluhur Dam. The phenomenon was first detected several years ago, but no serious effort was made to reverse the trend.
More and more high-rise buildings have gone up in Jakarta, further exploiting groundwater and contributing to the decline in quantity.
Jakarta residents, tap water subscribers and those who depend on artesian wells need to be aware that one day there will be no more groundwater.
To put this day off, residents need to save water. Small underground reservoirs built in the yard of every house will help save water. The Public Works Ministry introduced such underground reservoirs more than a decade ago, but lack of awareness and the financial costs have meant these reservoirs have not caught on.
With tap water companies only able to serve around 30 percent of Jakarta residents, most people continue to depend on groundwater taken from their wells.
But it is not fair if only residents are put on alert over the dwindling supply of groundwater. The government should also be warned that something must be done to address the problem.
Nature has limits on how much water it can provide, so people must do more to preserve and protect water supplies. Establishing a sewage system in every mayoralty would be a start. These systems should include large ponds designed to treat all kinds of wastewater from households, and a plant equipped with devices able to "clean" wastewater and then distribute it back to neighborhoods.
In the ponds, wastewater would go through the aeration process, in which the water would get more oxygen to increase its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). This process is like those of other treatment systems that produce and distribute ready-to-use water to households.
The city now has just one such treatment plant, in Setiabudi, South Jakarta. But the plant, established with funds from World Bank in the early 1990s, only treats wastewater from high-rise buildings and does not distribute treated water to households.
Setting up sewage systems in mayoralties would be big and expensive projects requiring the involvement of investors. That is why mayors with vision are needed. Investors will require assurances that they will recoup their money within a certain period from the fees paid by residents who enjoy the services of the system. Therefore, mayors with good managerial skills are needed.
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