Yahoo – AFP,
Neil Connor, 12 Feb 2015
A Siberian
tiger tries to catch a chicken released by a gamekeeper to entertain
visitors
at the Siberian Tiger Park in Harbin (AFP Photo/Goh Chai Hin)
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Harbin
(China) (AFP) - A fearsome tiger snarled as a doomed chicken flapped helplessly
in its mouth -- but campaigners say such "entertainment" in China is
putting big cats further in the jaws of extinction.
"How
ferocious, he doesn't let anyone come near him," said one visitor over the
sound of crunching bones, as she recorded the grisly scene on her smartphone.
Buying
chickens to feed the exhibits at the Siberian Tiger Park in northeast China's
Harbin city costs 60 yuan ($10) -- though the menu has plenty of other choices,
even cows are available to serve up.
But wildlife protection campaigners allege such parks, along with the dedicated tiger breeding centres or "farms" dotted around the country, actually make their big money selling on body parts from the big cats when they die -- a practise which potentially further threatens the endangered species.
Global tiger numbers have plummeted from 100,000 a century ago to only 3,000 in the wild today, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which classes them as endangered, with poaching and habitat loss primary threats to their survival.
But wildlife protection campaigners allege such parks, along with the dedicated tiger breeding centres or "farms" dotted around the country, actually make their big money selling on body parts from the big cats when they die -- a practise which potentially further threatens the endangered species.
Global tiger numbers have plummeted from 100,000 a century ago to only 3,000 in the wild today, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which classes them as endangered, with poaching and habitat loss primary threats to their survival.
Siberian tigers in their enclosure at the Siberian Tiger Park in Harbin
(AFP Photo/Goh Chai Hin)
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China's tiger farm industry says the trade in captive animals helps to relieve the pressure on wild felines, but wildlife groups argue it reduces the stigma around buying the animals or their body parts, and could create new markets for them.
Debbie
Banks, head of the London-based NGO the Environmental Investigation Agency,
said that such sales of the body parts of captive tigers was "stimulating
demand and sustaining the poaching pressure".
"Raising
a tiger to maturity in captivity costs more than poaching a tiger in the
wild," she told AFP.
"Wild
tigers, leopards and snow leopards are targeted as a cheaper alternative to
skins of captive bred tigers."
Figures
from TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, show that from the turn of
the millennium, at least 1,590 tigers were poached around the world up to April
2014 -- an average of two a week.
Among the
13 countries with native tiger populations, numbers are increasing in India and
Nepal, which do not have tiger farms, said Banks. But in Laos, Vietnam,
Thailand and China, where tigers can legally be bred for commercial purposes,
wild populations are struggling.
At the same
time captive tiger numbers are soaring in China, with up to 6,000 -- twice the
global wild population -- in about 200 farms across the country.
Wanted
dead or alive
Used for
entertainment when the tigers are alive, what happens to the skins and bones of
animals that die in captivity is a murky issue.
A Siberian tiger rests at the Siberian Tiger
Park in Harbin (AFP Photo/Goh Chai Hin)
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China
banned trade in tiger bones in 1993, but the law is regularly flouted,
campaigners say. Legislation is also unclear on whether cats bred in captivity
are considered endangered in China, and there is little regulation around what
needs to be declared when they die.
The animal
is considered a symbol of prestige for many in China, with tiger pelt rugs
sought-after luxury items, along with tiger bone wine -- bottles labelled with
tiger images sell for nearly 5,000 yuan ($800) at the park shop in Harbin.
In
December, a wealthy Chinese businessman who bought, slaughtered and ate three
tigers was jailed for 13 years.
The gang
involved had killed 10 tigers in total, domestic media reported, some of them
smuggled in alive "from Southeast Asian countries".
The tigers
cost them 200,000 to 300,000 yuan ($48,000) each, and they reaped profits of
more than 100,000 yuan per animal, reports said.
Chinese
tiger purchases came under scrutiny at an anti-poaching conference in Nepal
last week attended by around 100 experts, government and law officials from
tiger habitat nations.
Campaigners
say that the mere availability of "farmed" tiger products fuels the
demand, which Mike Baltzer, leader of the WWF Tigers Alive Initiative,
described as "so huge that it's very difficult to address the issue".
"When
you have a cultural perception among wealthy people in China that owning a
tiger is a matter of prestige, you can't change it overnight," he said.
Foreign
ministry spokesman Hong Lei insisted that Beijing was taking action to tighten
laws against poaching, adding: "We have adopted a recovery plan on China’s
wild tigers and work to improve the habitats of wild tigers."
Visitors look at Siberian tigers from their bus at the Siberian
Tiger Park in Harbin (AFP Photo/Goh Chai Hin)
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Big cat in a bottle?
There are only about 45 wild tigers in China, according to EIA. But there are more than 1,000 at the Siberian Tiger Park, which was launched in 1986 with just eight animals.
Park
representatives have repeatedly been quoted saying that the trade in captive-bred
tiger products reduces pressure on wild animals, and that they hope to
reintroduce some of their creatures into the wild.
But
repeated requests by AFP for comment on whether they sell on the dead animal
parts or use them in products went unanswered.
In the
park's souvenir shop "bone strengthening wine" is sold in elaborate
bottles adorned with tigers.
A shop
assistant denied to a foreign visitor that tiger bone was an ingredient.
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