Adianto P. Simamora, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta
Enormous strains on the environment, caused by huge increases in the city's population, will be the foremost challenge for decision makers in a future megacity, experts said Thursday.
Economist Howard Dick from the University of Melbourne said that the more populated Jakarta of the future would consume more productive land and energy and worsen traffic congestion and public health.
"We must make sure the environment has been taken into account from the very beginning because heavy environmental footprints cause bottlenecks," Dick said.
Dick was a speaker at a Thursday seminar on Leadership in Megacities organized by The Jakarta Post.
Also speaking in the seminar was Zao Muyao, deputy chairman of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress.
Zao said his administration had made public transport issues its main priority in order to better control long-standing traffic problems and ward off the risk of large-scale congestion.
"We keenly feel that, due to structural problems, optimizing traffic structure and increasing the appeal of mass transit will be the most effective way of dealing with the root causes of (congestion)," he said.
Transportation is considered to be the main contributor to air pollution worldwide.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates air pollution kills around 130,000 urbanites a year in developing nations.
Zao said the Shanghai administration planned to build a conservation-oriented and eco-friendly city to help conserve energy and protect the environment.
"In this way, resources will no longer be a bottleneck for development, pollution will be eliminated and a scientific and harmonious development path will then unfold," he said.
The Shanghai administration has issued a three year plan of action for environmental protection.
The initiative has been aimed at protecting aquatic environments, air quality, the reuse of after-treatment solid waste and the treatment of industrial and agricultural pollution.
"(The plan) must help improve urban management and the living standards of citizens," he said.
Plans are underway to form Jakarta and its neighboring cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak and Cianjur into a megacity collectively dubbed Jabodetabekpunjur.
The planned conurbation will consist of 9,624 square kilometers of land with a total population of over 23 million.
The concept was refloated by Governor Sutiyoso last year as part of efforts to resolve environmental problems such as air pollution and the capital's water crisis.
A megacity is generally considered to be an urban area with a population of over 10 million people
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