Yahoo – AFP,
August 7, 2017
Researchers say that the best guide dogs had mothers that showed them "tough love" when they were puppies (AFP Photo/JACQUES DEMARTHON) |
Miami (AFP)
- Only certain canines have the discipline to become guide dogs for the blind,
and the best ones had mothers that showed them "tough love" when they
were puppies, researchers said Monday.
When dog
moms allowed their puppies to learn on their own in their first five weeks of
life, without coddling them too much, their puppies grew up to be better guide
dogs, said the report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Puppies
with mothers who doted on them grew up to be anxious and more afraid of new
situations, and tended to fail out of a rigorous training program to assist the
blind.
The study
was done at a facility in New Jersey called The Seeing Eye, which breeds and
trains seeing eye dogs.
Researchers
at the University of Pennsylvania essentially embedded themselves at The Seeing
Eye, taking video and closely observing 23 mothers and their 98 puppies for
their first five weeks of life, said the report.
"We
wanted to know if we could differentiate the moms based on how they interacted
with their puppies," said lead author Emily Bray.
"We
documented things like her nursing position, how much time she spent looking
away from the puppies and how much time she spent in close proximity to her
puppies or licking and grooming them."
Two years
later, researchers went back to catch up with the dogs and found that those
with more attentive mothers were less likely to graduate and become guide dogs.
A key
measure of success was whether puppies' mothers nursed them while standing, or
lying down.
"If a
mother is lying on her stomach, the puppies basically have free access to milk,
but, if the mother is standing up, then the puppies have to work to get
it," said co-author Robert Seyfarth.
"A
hypothesis might be that you have to provide your offspring with minor
obstacles that they can overcome for them to succeed later in life because, as
we know, life as an adult involves obstacles."
Parallels
could certainly be drawn to human behavior, as experts warn that
"helicopter parenting" can be detrimental to kids' well-being, while
fostering independence and grit in the face of adversity have lifelong
benefits.
When it
comes to dogs, researchers are continuing to study how a mother's anxiety might
be passed on to her puppies.
Are the
overcoddled puppies picking up on their mother's anxiety? Are they reacting to
their upbringing somehow? Or are they inheriting genes that make them more
fearful?
"With
mothering, it seems like it's a delicate balance," said Bray.
"It's
easy to be like, 'Oh, smothering moms are the worst,' but we aren't exactly
sure of the mechanisms yet and we don't want to tip too far in the other
direction either."
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