Jakarta Globe, November 12, 2012
China's endangered giant pandas risk losing their staple food, bamboo, to climate change |
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Their numbers already threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss, China's endangered giant pandas now also risk losing their staple food, bamboo, to climate change, a report said Sunday.
A study in
China's northwestern Qinling Mountains, home to around 270 pandas — about a
fifth of the world's wild population — predicts a "substantial"
bamboo decline this century as the globe warms.
"The
pandas may face a shortage of food unless they can find alternative food
resources," a team of researchers from the United States and China warn in
the journal Nature Climate Change.
The
international symbol of environmental conservation efforts, the giant panda is
a picky eater.
Ninety-nine
percent of its diet consists of bamboo — devouring up to 38 kilograms (84
pounds) per day. This means the iconic black-and-white bear's survival is
closely linked to a thriving bamboo habitat.
Bamboo
itself also has a slow reproductive rate, flowering only every 30 to 35 years,
which means it would be slow to adapt to a change in local climate, said a
statement on the research.
Based on
the data gathered for this study, researchers predict that three bamboo species
which make up almost the entire diet of the Qinling pandas, will all but
disappear in a warmer climate.
"Results
suggest that almost the entire panda habitat in the region may disappear by the
end of the 21st century," said the study report.
The
calculations are based on different warming scenarios projected by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change — ranging from rises of two to five
degrees Celsius (35.6 to 41 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer by century's end, and
three to eight degrees C in winter.
These
projections were collated with data on rainfall and greenhouse gas emissions as
well as historical growth patterns, to consider the future of bamboo.
Already,
deforestation is threatening the survival of about half of all bamboo species
worldwide.
The
researchers say bamboo distribution has historically fluctuated in response to
changes in the climate.
In the
modern era, though, even if other areas were to become climatically more suited
for bamboo growth, these would be far away and fall outside the present network
of protected panda reserves.
The
findings should be used "for proactive planning to protect areas that have
a better climatic chance of providing adequate food sources or begin creating
natural 'bridges' to allow pandas an escape hatch from bamboo famine," the
statement said.
Agence France-Presse
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