The new species of rodent, Paucidentomys vermidax. (Image courtesy of Kevin Rowe/Museum Victoria website) |
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A rare and
extreme species of rodent was recently discovered in Indonesia, showcasing
biodiversity in the country and the evolutionary process, a new research paper
has said.
The paper
“Evolutionary novelty in a rat with no molars,” published in this month's
Biology Letters, said the new species, Paucidentomys vermidax, is an almost
toothless, worm-eating rat unable to gnaw or chew, according to a statement
released on Wednesday by the Museum Victoria in Australia.
Written by
Jacob Esselstyn of McMaster University, Canada, Anang Achmadi of Museum
Zoologicum Bogoriense, Indonesia, and Kevin Rowe of Museum Victoria, the paper
states that the discovery illustrates how the process of evolution can lead to
the loss of previously successful traits in species faced with new
opportunities.
“There are
more than 2,200 rodent species in the world and until this discovery all had
molars in the back of their mouth and incisors at the front,” said Rowe,
according to the statement posted on the museum's website.
Paucidentomys
means “few-toothed mouse” and vermidax means “devourer of worms,” the statement
explained.
“The
specialised incisors of rodents give them the distinct ability to gnaw — a
defining characteristic of rodents worldwide. In having lost all teeth except a
pair of unusually shaped incisors that are incapable of gnawing, this new rat
is unique among rodents,” Anang was quoted as saying.
“This is an
example of how species, when faced with a new ecological opportunity, in this
case an abundance of earthworms, can evolve the loss of traits that were wildly
successful in previous circumstances,” Rowe said.
“While we
face a global crisis of biodiversity loss, this new species reminds us that we
are still in an age of biodiversity discovery. Wild habitats where new species
wait to be discovered are still out there,” Rowe added.
However,
the researchers added that the habitat of the new species, discovered in the
rainforests of Sulawesi, is under threat.
“In the
mountains of Sulawesi, where we discovered Paucidentomys, healthy forests still
nurture rare and remarkable species, however, they are isolated patches
imperiled by expanding logging, mining, plantations and other human
activities,” Rowe said.
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